While "it is clear that the Denisova genome reflects some ancestry from people substantially different from Neanderthals and sub-Saharan Africans, we could really be looking at mixture from multiple different populations, with different histories," he added. "I wouldn't go so far as to say they have demonstrated mixture with Homo erectus," he said. "The paper is really just the beginning," John Hawks, a paleoanthropologist at the University of Wisconsin who was not involved with the study, wrote to NBC News in an email. "To me, it’s very satisfying," Pääbo said. This latest analysis, a culmination of nearly two decades of research, is the most thorough analysis to date. In 2010, he led a team to publish a rough draft of a Neanderthal genome from a fossil found in a cave in Croatia. Neanderthal genome work began in 1997 when a team led by Pääbo extracted DNA from a 30,000 year old Neanderthal bone found in Germany. The entrance to the Denisova cave where researchers came across a fragment of bone from a Denisovan girl's pinkie finger in 2008, and uncovered the Neanderthal toe bone in 2010. The full analysis of the Siberian Neanderthal genome is published in the Thursday issue of Nature. "It’s an inference from those other genomes."īy comparing genetic evidence of the Neanderthal female who lived some 50,000 years ago, with the sequence of a Denisovan girl published in August last year, Pääbo and team discovered a small but discrete signature of a much older species, which the paleoanthropologists suspect might be Homo erectus. "There is not even a bone splinter here," Svante Pääbo, a geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, said of the unknown species.
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